Sudoers is the default sudo security policy plugin in Linux, however, experienced system administrators can specify a custom security policy as well as input and output logging plugins. It is driven by the /etc/sudoers file…
In Linux and other Unix-like operating systems, only the root user can run all commands and perform certain critical operations on the system such as install and update, remove packages, create users and groups, modify…
In this article, we will review a number of command line tools that act as filters in Linux. A filter is a program that reads standard input, performs an operation upon it and writes the…
With the thousands of commands/programs available in Linux systems, knowing the type and purpose of a given command as well as its location (absolute path) on the system can be a little challenge for newbies….
Today, Bash is the default shell in most (if not all) modern Linux distributions. However, you may have noticed that the text color in the terminal and the prompt content can be different from one…
I passionately enjoy working with commands as they offer more control over a Linux system than GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces) applications, therefore am always on the lookout to discover or figure out interesting ways and…
Today, Google search is a well known and the most-used search engine on the World Wide Web (WWW), if you want to gather information from millions of servers on the Internet, then it is the…
In this post, we will learn a number of commands for locating the default configuration files for MySQL database server (my.conf), PHP programming language (php.ini) and Apache HTTP server (http.conf), which together with Linux form…
Once you get familiar to using the Linux terminal, you wish to do everything on your system by simply typing commands including sending emails and one of the important aspects of sending emails is attachments….
In this article, we will review a cool and simple way of giving a command screen output a rainbow colors and slowing down its output speed as well for one reason or the other. The…
While learning Linux, it is always the norm for newbies to keep on typing several commands to accomplish a simple task. This is understandable especially when one is just getting accustomed to using the terminal….
In this article, we will explain two, simple command line tips that enable you to only list all today’s files. One of the common problems Linux users encounter on the command line is locating files…
There are plenty of network monitoring tools you can find in the Linux ecosystem, that can generate for you a summary of the total number of devices on a network including all their IP addresses…
This tutorial will take you through the different ways of finding a directory in Linux. As you may already know, in Linux everything is a file including directories. And one of the common things a…
In this guide, we will briefly talk about the Apache web server front-end and how to list or check which Apache modules have been enabled on your server. Apache is built, based on the principle…
In this short article, we will walk newbies through the various simple ways of checking system timezone in Linux. Time management on a Linux machine especially a production server is always an important aspect of…
In computing, Batch processing is the execution of a series of tasks in a program non-interactively. In this guide will offer you 4 simple ways to batch convert several .PNG images to .JPG and vice-versa…
Did this ever happen to you? You realized that you had mistakenly deleted a file – either through the Del key, or using rm in the command line. In the first case, you can always…
In this article, we will briefly talk about ports in computer networking and move to how you can list all open ports in Linux. In computer networking, and more definitely in software terms, a port…
To compress a file(s), is to significantly decrease the size of the file(s) by encoding data in the file(s) using less bits, and it is normally a useful practice during backup and transfer of a…
In this guide, we will describe what character encoding and cover a few examples of converting files from one character encoding to another using a command line tool. Then finally, we will look at how…
In this article, we will look at how to find a process name by its process identification number (PID). Before we dive into the actual solution, let us briefly talk about how processes are created…
As a newbie, one of the many things you should master in Linux is identification of devices attached to your system. It may be your computer’s hard disk, an external hard drive or removable media…
Let’s say you have a large ISO file on your Linux server and you wanted to access, extract or copy one single file from it. How do you do it? Well in Linux there are…
Let us start by defining a bad sector/block, it’s a section on a disk drive or flash memory that can not be read from or written to anymore, as a result of a fixed physical…
Sometimes you get into a situation where you need to delete all files in a directory or simply cleanup a directory by removing all files except files of a given type (ending with a particular…
The easiest way to count number of files and subdirectories in a directory using a tree command, which is best known for displaying files and directories in tree-like form. Although you can always enable quotas…
When it comes to gaining absolute control over your Linux system, then nothing comes close to the command line interface (CLI). In order to become a Linux power user, one must understand the different types…
If you are in charge of managing a database server, from time to time you may need to run a query and inspect it carefully. While you can do that from the MySQL / MariaDB…
Sometimes you may find it useful to display the access rights of files or directories in octal form instead of rwx or perhaps you want to display both. Instead of using good old ls -l…
As a system administrator or Linux power user, you may have probably come across or even on several occasions, used the versatile Linux Rsync tool, which enables users to expeditiously copy or synchronize files locally…
Some of the special directories that a Linux user is bound to work with so many times on a shell command line include the user’s home directory, the current and previous working directories. Therefore, understanding…
When you have important sensitive data, then its crucial to have an extra layer of security to your files and directories, specially when you need to transmit the data with others over a network. That’s…