iperf3 is a free open-source, cross-platform command-line-based program for performing real-time network throughput measurements. It is one of the most powerful tools for testing the maximum achievable bandwidth in IP networks (supports IPv4 and IPv6).
With iperf, you can tune several parameters associated with timing, buffers, and protocols such as TCP, UDP, and SCTP. It comes in handy for network performance tuning operations.
In order to acquire maximum or rather improved network performance, you need to increase the throughput as well as the latency of your network’s receiving and sending capabilities.
However, before you can go into actual tuning, you need to perform some tests to gather overall network performance statistics that will guide your tuning process.
Its results include time interval in seconds, data transferred, bandwidth (transfer rate), loss, and other useful network performance parameters. It is primarily intended to assist in tuning TCP connections over a particular path and this is what we will focus on in this guide.
Requirements:
- Two networked computers which both have iperf3 installed.
How to Install iPerf3 in Linux Systems
Before you start using iperf3, you need to install it on the two machines you will use for benchmarking. Since iperf3 is available in the official software repositories of most common Linux distributions, installing it should be easy, using a package manager as shown.
$ sudo apt install iperf3 [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint] $ sudo yum install iperf3 [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky/AlmaLinux] $ sudo emerge -a net-misc/iperf [On Gentoo Linux] $ sudo apk add iperf3 [On Alpine Linux] $ sudo pacman -S iperf3 [On Arch Linux] $ sudo zypper install iperf3 [On OpenSUSE]
Once you have iperf3 installed on both machines, you can start testing network throughput.
How to Test Network Speed Between Two Linux Servers
First, connect to the remote machine which you will use as the server, and fire up iperf3 in server mode using -s flag, it will listen to port 5201 by default.
You can specify the format (k, m, g for Kbits, Mbits, Gbits or K, M, G for KBytes, Mbytes, Gbytes) to report in, using the -f switch as shown.
$ iperf3 -s -f K
If port 5201 is being used by another program on your server, you can specify a different port (e.g 3000) using the -p switch as shown.
$ iperf3 -s -p 3000
Optionally, you can run the server as a daemon, using the -D flag and write server messages to a log file, as follows.
$ iperf3 -s -D > iperf3log
Then on your local machine which we will treat as the client (where the actual benchmarking takes place), run iperf3 in client mode using -c flag and specify the host on which the server is running (either using its IP address or domain or hostname).
$ iperf3 -c 192.168.10.1 -f K
After about 18 to 20 seconds, the client should terminate and produce results indicating the average throughput for the benchmark, as shown in the following screenshot.
How to Perform Advanced Network Test Throughput in Linux
There are a number of client-specific options for performing an advanced test, as explained below.
One of the important factors that determine the amount of data in the network at a given time is the TCP window size – it is important in tuning TCP connections. You can set the window size/socket buffer size using the -w flag as shown.
$ iperf3 -c 192.168.10.1 -f K -w 500K
To run it in reverse mode where the server sends and the client receives, add the -R switch.
$ iperf3 -c 192.168.10.1 -f K -w 500K -R
To run a bi-directional test, meaning you measure bandwidth in both directions simultaneously, use the -d option.
$ iperf3 -c 192.168.10.1 -f K -w 500K -d
If you want to get server results in the client output, use the --get-server-output option.
$ iperf3 -c 192.168.10.1 -f K -w 500K -R --get-server-output
It is also possible to set the number of parallel client streams (two in this example), which run at the same time, using the -P options.
$ iperf3 -c 192.168.10.1 -f K -w 500K -P 2
For more information, see the iperf3 man page.
$ man iperf3
That’s all! Remember to always perform network performance tests before going for actual network performance tuning. iperf3 is a powerful tool, that comes in handy for running network throughput tests.
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